How to Select Employees who have born on last day of the month

How to Select Employees who have born on last day of the month

In this article we will learn to how select employees from a SQL Server table whose day of birth is last day of the month.

Introduction:

In this article we will create a User Defined Function that will accept date of birth of the employee as a parameter and it will check if the given date is last day of the month.

Step 1:

Create a User Defined Function

-- User defined function to check if given day is last day of the month
CREATE FUNCTION CheckLastDay(@DoB DATETIME)
RETURNS BIT
AS
BEGIN
     DECLARE @LastDayOfMonth DATETIME
     DECLARE @ReturnValue BIT
     SELECT @LastDayOfMonth = DATEADD(s, -1, DATEADD(m, DATEDIFF(m, 0, @DoB)+1,0))
     IF(DATEPART(dd,@LastDayOfMonth)=DATEPART(dd,@Dob))
          BEGIN
               SET @ReturnValue= 1
          END
     ELSE
          BEGIN
               SET @ReturnValue= 0
          END
     RETURN @ReturnValue
END

Explanation:

• A function CheckLastDay is created that takes a DATETIME parameter @DOB. This function returns a BIT(0 or 1). A DATETIME variable @LastDayOfMonth is declared inside function body that will hold last day of @DOB’s month. A BIT variable @ReturnValue is declared to return True/False(1/0) value. A SELECT statement sets value of the @LastDayOfMonth variable that need some attention:

• This SELECT statement has three parts, first part is “DATEDIFF(m, 0, @DoB)”. It returns total number of months from 0 ( 0 or ‘’ indicates starting date ’1/1/1900′) to @DoB. One is added to the returned months to get next month of @DoB.

For example if I replace @DoB with my date of birth:

SELECT DATEDIFF(m, 0, ’1985-10-29′)+1

Result : 1030

• Second part is DATEADD(m, DATEDIFF(m, 0, @DoB)+1,0). It adds number of months returned from the first step to ‘0’ i.e., starting date ’1/1/1900′, that will return first day of the next month. For example it returns a date like  ‘1985-11-01 00:00:00.000’

Example:

SELECT DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m, 0, ’1985-10-29′)+1,0)

Result : 1985-11-01 00:00:00.000

• Third part is “DATEADD(s, -1, DATEADD(m, DATEDIFF(m, 0, @DoB)+1,0))”. It uses DATEADD function to subtract one second from the date returned from last part. It will return last date of the @DoB because date returned in the last part is exactly midnight and subtracting a second from it will return its previous date which is last day of the @DoB’s month. You can also subtract a minute or hour.

Example :

SELECT DATEADD(s, -1, DATEADD(m, DATEDIFF(m, 0, ’1985-10-29′)+1,0))

Result : 1985-10-31 23:59:59.000

• Now we have last date of the @DoB’s month in @LastDayOfMonth. In next step we use DATEPART function to compare days of @LastDayOfMonth with @DoB. If it matches we set value of @ReturnValue to 1 or true to indicate this employee is born on last day of the month otherwise we return 0.

• Finally we can run following query to return all the Employees record who have born on the last day of the month

SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE dbo.CheckLastDay(DoB)=1